How Emerald Guitars changed the perception of carbon fibre guitars – and put the player’s needs at the heart of everything
While many CEOs of international instrument makers take the reins of a heritage company already decades or even centuries in existence, Emerald Guitars founder Alistair Hay came to the acoustic guitar via a very different route. His previous career in the high-adrenaline sport of Formula 1 powerboat racing established him as one of the world’s leading experts in the use of carbon fibre. But how did he come to start making guitars out of them?
Waiting for a delayed flight in 1999, Hay bought a guitar magazine, and while he flicked through the pages the idea came to him: take his expertise with carbon fibre, apply it to the acoustic guitar, and expand the sonic, aesthetic and ergonomic experience of players around the world.
Emerald Guitars on the Guitar.com Cover. Image: Andy Ford for Guitar.com
The question you’re probably asking yourself here is, ‘Aren’t guitars made of wood?’ Well, most of the time – but not always. People have been trying to make electric guitars out of alternative materials for decades, but acoustic guitars are often a sticking point – after all, so much of their tone is created by the sympathetic vibrations of various bits of wood.
But there have been various attempts to make guitars out of carbon fibre over the years, some more successful than others. And if you wanted to know if the characteristics that make the material perfect for a world-championship carbon fibre motorboat can also make a good guitar, Alistair Hay is the man to ask.
“A racing boat has to actually work with the vibrations of the water: to flex and move. That really is the essence of a really good quality acoustic guitar too”
“That is a very interesting question,” Hay muses. “In actual fact, there’s a lot of similarities. When I worked for the raceboat champion, Bill Seebold, he would talk about tuning the boat and how a boat should flex and how it should move.
“A racing boat isn’t just about being super rigid. It has to actually work with the vibrations of the water, to flex and move. It’s a delicate balance. And let’s face it, that really is the essence of a really good quality acoustic guitar too.”
Image: Andy Ford for Guitar.com
Pushing The Envelope
Since setting up Emerald in a workshop in Donegal, in the north west of Ireland, the brand has become known for building guitars with radical and striking designs that would be all but impossible to execute in wood.
Ergonomic curves and contours, bevelled edges and offset soundholes are all hallmarks of the brand. If you’ve been scrolling through the guitar-based corners of Tiktok and Instagram over the last few years, chances are you’ve done a double-take at one of these unconventional guitars in the hands of some of the most impressive players out there.
Social media has been a key driver in the recent success Emerald has enjoyed across the globe. So much so that last year the brand opened a US-based warehouse and showroom – run by Alistair’s brother Chris – to cope with the demand from across the pond, allowing the brand to reach more players than ever.
“A lot of the people that tell you to do something more conservative will actually have no interest in buying your work even if you do follow their advice”
But when you see someone like Nathaniel Murphy make effortless magic on an Emerald, it becomes abundantly clear that these designs are not just pieces to be enjoyed visually. Their wonderfully rich sound is also a vital component of Emerald’s success – even though finding that voice has been a process.
“Initially I just wanted these guitars to sound musical and sweet, and not sound synthetic or plastic,” Hay recalls.
“A lot of it was trial and error to begin with – seeing what made a carbon fibre guitar too bright or too dark, too quiet or just not musical. We started to learn the parameters and how things worked within our own designs. Essentially, these days our priorities are clarity of note with richness and warmth and power.”
Image: Andy Ford for Guitar.com
Hole In One
In the quarter of a century that Emerald has been pushing the envelope, the brand has explored varied territory – from dreadnoughts and parlors to Weissenborn lap guitars, hybrid electric-acoustics and basses.
One common thread both sonically and visually to nearly all of these designs is the presence of an offset soundhole – positioned not in the traditional place beneath the strings, but on the guitar’s top horn right below the player’s ear. This design hallmark came about through trial and error.
“The very first guitar that I ever made was a dreadnought with a centre soundhole,” Hay explains. “I just made a mould from my own existing acoustic guitar as the basis, and to start with our designs were kind of traditional in that regard. They still had the shaped back and some nice details, but funnily enough at that time I had people telling me that our designs needed to be more traditional – like a straight copy of a Martin Dreadnought or a Gibson SJ-200, just in carbon fibre – honestly!
“It was at that point that I realised that a lot of the people that tell you to do something more conservative will actually have no interest in buying your work even if you do follow their advice.”
“Carbon fibre has allowed us to do things that would be unviable in wood”
Hay’s first two models, which had centre soundholes, “were nice guitars but just horrible flops from a commercial point of view”. Then he designed the X20 model, “which was a total game changer”: “It was the first guitar where I really started to look at ergonomics and designing a guitar that played to the strengths of carbon fibre rather than pandering to tradition.”
But even as Hay gained confidence in his abilities as a luthier, he was still second-guessing himself as a businessman.
“I knew I had something special with the X20, but you know what? After I made the first one, I had it sitting there for a year and a half before I was brave enough to actually put it onto the market,” he reveals.
“I was thinking it was too radical. That people weren’t going to take this right. And then we put it out there and it was a huge success. That was the pivotal moment for Emerald. That was the guitar that influenced everything else that we designed from then on.”
Image: Andy Ford for Guitar.com
Comfort In Sound
This is what sets Emerald apart from other makers of carbon fibre guitars: this focus on designing an instrument that exploits the inherent advantages of the material to better accommodate the player.
Whether you’re holding an X20 dreadnought or a Virtuo hybrid, the contours and curves of the instrument fit around you more like an electric guitar than a traditional acoustic, enabling a different physical connection.
“Ergonomics is a huge part of what we do and how people feel and experience these guitars,” Hay agrees. “It’s definitely one of the things that we get the best feedback on.
“People just love to sit down and play our guitars for hours on end. Carbon fibre has allowed us to do things that would be unviable in wood. Some people think it’s all done in a computer but our design process is actually a lot more hands-on.”
“There’s a different mindset when you’re buying a carbon guitar. You can just think a little bit more creatively”
That process is both untraditional and more organic than you might expect in this era of CAD design.
“I start off with an outline on a big slab of household insulation foam,” he says. “It’s a cheap material and it’s very easy to manipulate. I cut it into shape with a jigsaw or a hand saw and then start to sand it into shape. So it’s a very tactile process, and something that I wouldn’t know how to even start to do on a computer.
“It allows me to make these little adjustments and then a solid physical shape that we’ll start to cast moulds from. That’s my design process: just feeling my way through it.”
Image: Andy Ford for Guitar.com
Brace Yourself
Anyone steeped in the lore of acoustic guitars understands that the voicing of a traditional instrument revolves around the pattern of braces used to give the guitar’s top and back stability as they vibrate under tension. This is irrelevant with a carbon fibre guitar, so how does one voice an instrument in this way?
“We do control the stiffness of our soundboards, which is created by using different layers of carbon fibre,” Hay reveals. “If you were to look inside, you’re not going to see any bracing. It looks totally flat, but the top of an Emerald guitar can contain anything from two to eight layers of carbon in different areas of the top.
“Carbon fibre has a grain pattern and a stiffness to it that can be manipulated in just the same way as wood. The thing with carbon fibre is that we can repeat that pattern many times, whereas every piece of wood is unique.”
Image: Andy Ford for Guitar.com
Wood And Steel
For a carbon fibre guitar company, Emerald still keeps quite an extensive wood library in its Donegal factory. This is because one of the company’s aesthetic calling cards is to embed a thin veneer of elaborately figured wood into the soundboard of the instrument.
Usually, these woods are the sort of elaborately figured materials other makers would keep to the back and sides – such as cocobolo, ziricote, royal ebony and quilted maple – but Emerald puts them front and centre, in a fan-driven flourish.
“Our clients have led so many of our decisions over the years,” Hay says. “Choosing a wood veneer allows each Emerald guitar to be unique, and that does matter. I’m always looking for a way to make our instruments eye-catching, and a spectacular slice of mother nature on the front definitely does that.
“That’s my design process: just feeling my way through it”
“Figured woods are often used on the back and sides of guitars but no-one can see them there. That seems a bit of a shame to me. We enjoy showing all that beauty on the front of our guitars. The veneers are so thin they make no difference sonically – they’re just there for aesthetics. We have used spruce and cedar in the past but you know – where’s the fun in that?”
Emerald Guitars sprung from one man’s curiosity and career expertise in carbon fibre – and after 25 years of hard work and dedication to craft, it’s poetic that others have come on board, not just as customers but as enthusiasts whose own design ideas help make the journey fun.
“It’s amazing how imaginative our customers are,” Hay marvels. “They’ve designed instruments that we just never would have thought of that have been a pleasure to make. I think there’s a different mindset when you’re buying a carbon guitar. You can just think a little bit more creatively.”
Words: Michael Watts
Photography: Andy Ford
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